Translations:Basic Field Epi: Manual/439/en
- Directly where an infectious agent is passed from one animal to another by:
- animal-to-animal contact
- an animal contacting infected discharge from another animal (nasal secretions, urine, faeces etc.)
- infection of the embryo in the pregnant uterus (mammals) or of the egg (birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and arthropods), or through the milk from dam to offspring