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Apa itu ISIKHNAS? : What is iSIKHNAS?
FAQ:Pertanyaan Umum : FAQ
ISIKHNAS Kode-Kode : Codes
Pengguna : Users
Pelsa : Village reporters
Dinas : Field Staff
Laboratorium : Laboratory
Koordinator : Coordinators
Pengguna Data : Data Users
Teknis : Technical
Data Dikelola : Data managed
Referensi Teknis : Technical references
Kode-kode : Codes
Tabel Database : Database Tables
Struktur Database : Database ERDs
Fungsi Database : Database Functions
Panduan dan Standar : Guides and Standards
Menggunakan wiki : Using the Wiki
Pelatihan : Training
ISIKHNAS pelatihan pengguna : iSIKHNAS Training
Epidemiologi di lapangan : Field Epidemiology
Surveilans : Surveillance
Advokasi untuk Anggaran : Budget Advocacy
Analisis Epidemiologi data : Epi Data Analysis
GIS untuk kesehatan hewan : GIS for animal health
Excel
Investigasi penyakit untuk paravet : Disease Investigation
Mengenali tanda-tanda penyakit : Recognising Signs of Disease
Panduan fasilitasi : Facilitators Manual
Glosarium : Glossary
Komunikasi : Communication
Sosialisasi ISIKHNAS : Communicating about iSIKHNAS
ISIKHNAS Videos
ISIKHNAS Logos
Pertanyaan : FAQ
Informasi tentang ISIKHNAS : About iSIKHNAS
Menyerahkan data : Submitting data
Menggunakan kode : Using system queries
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Terjemahkan
Pengaturan
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Animal and Farmer Identification
Animal ID and health reporting
Basic Field Epi: Facilitator Guide
Basic Field Epi: Manual
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Budget Advocacy:Outline
Changing location data
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Coordinator Checklist
Course objectives
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District coordinators - in more detail
Epidemiological Data Analysis
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
Field Epidemiology
Field Epidemiology Advanced: Manual
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GIS for Animal Health
How can I get involved?
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Human health
Instant Messaging
Introduction
ISIKHNAS Training Resources
ISIKHNAS Training Toolkit
ISIKHNAS User References
Livestock insurance
Main Page
Manage
Manage : Manage Users
Manage Programs
Mangement of the System
Manual for Coordinators
Manually sending individual or bulk SMS messages
Manuals for Data Users
Manuals for Field Data Reporters
Manuals for Laboratory Users
Manuals:Abattoir Reporters
Manuals:Active Surveillance
Manuals:Animal Idenification
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Manuals:Field Staff
Manuals:General Introduction
Manuals:Insemination
Manuals:InstantMessaging
Manuals:Movement
Manuals:Population
Manuals:Priority disease investigation
Manuals:Registration
Manuals:SMS Reports
Manuals:SMS System Trainer's Manual
Manuals:System Coordinator
Manuals:Vaccination
Manuals:Village Reporters
New system features
Operational instructions:BB
Operational instructions:BH
Operational instructions:CKI
Operational instructions:CKJS
Operational instructions:CKL
Operational instructions:CKO
Operational instructions:CKP
Operational instructions:CKT
Operational instructions:CUL
Operational instructions:DH
Operational instructions:DHP
Operational instructions:DKB
Operational instructions:DKL
Operational instructions:DP
Operational instructions:DX
Operational instructions:IB
Operational instructions:IH
Operational instructions:KGG
Operational instructions:KODE
Operational instructions:KOM
Operational instructions:LAB
Operational instructions:LAPD
Operational instructions:LAPK
Operational instructions:LAPSK
Operational instructions:LH
Operational instructions:LTL
Operational instructions:OB
Operational instructions:P
Operational instructions:PK
Operational instructions:PKB
Operational instructions:POP
Operational instructions:R
Operational instructions:RP
Operational instructions:RVAK
Operational instructions:SK
Operational instructions:SLAB
Operational instructions:SLAP
Operational instructions:SP
Operational instructions:SUR
Operational instructions:TK
Operational instructions:TL
Operational instructions:U
Operational instructions:UC
Operational instructions:VAK
Operational instructions:VSK
Operational instructions:Z
Pelsa
Pelsa Facilitator Manual
Queries
Query message formats
Reports
Role of the Coordinators
Role of training facilitator
Roles and responsibilities:District coordinators
Roles and responsibilities:Regional and Provincial coordinators
SMS handler setup
SMS Handler: Step by step example
Spatial data management manual
Spreadsheet data submission manual
Staff Technical Development
Surveillance
Surveillance course facilitator
Surveillance course participant
Technical assistance modules
Training
Training and Facilitation Guide
Training and Facilitation Guide:Code Lists
Training and Facilitation Guide:Scenario Cards
Training and Facilitation Guide:SMS Message Training points
Training your staff
User References
User registration
User registration by email spreadsheet upload
User types
User:Ben
Using Book Creator
Using the data
Website
What are the benefits?
What is iSIKHNAS?
What is it for?
Who is involved?
Wiki Work
Bahasa
aa - Afar
ab - Abkhaz
ace - Aceh
ady - Adygei
ady-cyrl - адыгабзэ
aeb - Arab Tunisia
aeb-arab - تونسي
aeb-latn - Tûnsî
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gheg Albanian
am - Amharik
an - Aragon
ang - Inggris Kuno
anp - Angika
ar - Arab
arc - Aram
arn - Araukan
arq - Arab Algeria
ary - Arab Maroko
arz - Arab Mesir
as - Assam
ase - Bahasa Isyarat Amerika
ast - Astur
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avar
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijan
azb - تۆرکجه
ba - Bashkir
ban - Bali
bar - Bavaria
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba
bcc - Southern Balochi
bcl - Bikol Central
be - Belarusia
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bg - Bulgaria
bgn - Balochi Barat
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
bm - Bambara
bn - Bengali
bo - Tibet
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnia
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Bugis
bxr - буряад
ca - Katalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano de Zamboanga
cdo - Min Dong Chinese
ce - Chechen
ceb - Sebuano
ch - Chamorro
cho - Koktaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Kurdi Sorani
co - Korsika
cps - Capiznon
cr - Kree
crh - Tatar Krimea
crh-cyrl - Crimean Turkish (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Turkish (Latin script)
cs - Cheska
csb - Kashubia
cu - Bahasa Gereja Slavonia
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Dansk
de - Jerman
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Jerman Tinggi (Swiss)
de-formal - German (formal address)
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Sorbia Rendah
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - डोटेली
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
egl - Emilian
el - Yunani
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - Inggris
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanyol
es-formal - español (formal)
et - Esti
eu - Bask
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persia
ff - Fula
fi - Suomi
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fiji
fo - Faro
fr - Prancis
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Frisia Utara
fur - Friuli
fy - Frisia Barat
ga - Irlandia
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan Chinese
gan-hans - Simplified Gan script
gan-hant - Traditional Gan script
gcr - kréyòl gwiyanè
gd - Gaelik Skotlandia
gl - Galisia
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothik
grc - Yunani Kuno
gsw - Jerman (Swiss)
gu - Gujarati
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
haw - Hawaii
he - Ibrani
hi - Hindi
hif - Hindi Fiji
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Kroasia
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Sorbia Atas
ht - Haiti
hu - Hungaria
hu-formal - magyar (formal)
hy - Armenia
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
id - Bahasa Indonesia
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiak
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingushetia
io - Ido
is - Islandia
it - Italia
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Jepang
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Jawa
ka - Georgia
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kbd - Kabardi
kbd-cyrl - Адыгэбзэ
kbp - Kabɩyɛ
kg - Kongo
khw - Khowar
ki - Kikuyu
kiu - Kirmanjki
kj - Kuanyama
kk - Kazakh
kk-arab - Kazakh (Arabic script)
kk-cn - Kazakh (China)
kk-cyrl - Kazakh (Cyrillic script)
kk-kz - Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
kk-latn - Kazakh (Latin script)
kk-tr - Kazakh (Turkey)
kl - Kalaallisut
km - Khmer
kn - Kannada
ko - Korea
ko-kp - 한국어 (조선)
koi - Komi-Permyak
kr - Kanuri
krc - Karachai Balkar
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - Karelia
ks - Kashmir
ks-arab - Kashmiri (Arabic script)
ks-deva - Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
ksh - Dialek Kolsch
ku - Kurdi
ku-arab - كوردي (عەرەبی)
ku-latn - Kurdish (Latin script)
kum - Kumyk
kv - Komi
kw - Kornish
ky - Kirgiz
la - Latin
lad - Ladino
lb - Luksemburg
lbe - лакку
lez - Lezghia
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Ganda
li - Limburgia
lij - Liguria
liv - Livonian
lki - Laki
lmo - Lombard
ln - Lingala
lo - Lao
loz - Lozi
lrc - Luri Utara
lt - Lituavi
ltg - Latgalian
lus - Mizo
luz - Southern Luri
lv - Latvi
lzh - Literary Chinese
lzz - Laz
mai - Maithili
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - Moksha
mg - Malagasi
mh - Marshall
mhr - Eastern Mari
mi - Maori
min - Minangkabau
mk - Makedonia
ml - Malayalam
mn - Mongolia
mo - молдовеняскэ
mr - Marathi
mrj - Western Mari
ms - Melayu
mt - Malta
mus - Bahasa Muskogee
mwl - Miranda
my - Myanmar
myv - Eryza
mzn - Mazanderani
na - Nauru
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Min Nan Chinese
nap - Neapolitan
nb - Bokmål Norwegia
nds - Jerman Rendah
nds-nl - Low Saxon
ne - Nepali
new - Newari
ng - Ndonga
niu - Niuea
nl - Belanda
nl-informal - Nederlands (informeel)
nn - Nynorsk Norwegia
nov - Novial
nrm - Nouormand
nso - Sotho Utara
nv - Navajo
ny - Nyanja
nys - Nyunga
oc - Ositania
olo - Livvi-Karelian
om - Oromo
or - Oriya
os - Ossetia
pa - Punjabi
pag - Pangasina
pam - Pampanga
pap - Papiamento
pcd - Picard
pdc - Jerman Pennsylvania
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Palatine German
pi - Pali
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - Polski
pms - Piedmontese
pnb - Western Punjabi
pnt - Pontic
prg - Prussian
ps - Pashto
pt - Portugis
pt-br - Brazilian Portuguese
qqq - Dokumentasi pesan
qu - Quechua
qug - Chimborazo Highland Quichua
rgn - Romagnol
rif - Riffian
rm - Reto-Roman
rmy - Romani
rn - Rundi
ro - Rumania
roa-tara - tarandíne
ru - Rusia
rue - Rusyn
rup - Makedo-Rumania
ruq - Megleno-Romanian
ruq-cyrl - Megleno-Romanian (Cyrillic script)
ruq-latn - Megleno-Romanian (Latin script)
rw - Kinyarwanda
sa - Sanskerta
sah - Sakha
sat - Santali
sc - Sardinia
scn - Sisilia
sco - Skotlandia
sd - Sindhi
sdc - Sassarese Sardinian
sdh - Kurdi Selatan
se - Sami Utara
sei - Seri
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sango
sgs - Samogitian
sh - Serbo-Kroasia
shi - Tachelhit
shi-latn - Tašlḥiyt
shi-tfng - ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ
shn - Shan
si - Sinhala
sk - Slovak
skr - سرائیکی
skr-arab - سرائیکی
sl - Sloven
sli - Silesia Bawah
sm - Samoa
sma - Sami Selatan
sn - Shona
so - Somali
sq - Albania
sr - Serb
sr-ec - Serbian (Cyrillic script)
sr-el - Serbian (Latin script)
srn - Sranan Tongo
ss - Swati
st - Sotho Selatan
stq - Saterland Frisian
sty - cебертатар
su - Sunda
sv - Swedia
sw - Swahili
szl - Silesia
ta - Tamil
tay - Tayal
tcy - Tulu
te - Telugu
tet - Tetun
tg - Tajik
tg-cyrl - Tajik (Cyrillic script)
tg-latn - Tajik (Latin script)
th - Thai
ti - Tigrinya
tk - Turkmen
tl - Tagalog
tly - Talysh
tn - Tswana
to - Tonga
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Turki
tru - Turoyo
ts - Tsonga
tt - Tatar
tt-cyrl - Tatar (Cyrillic script)
tt-latn - Tatar (Latin script)
tum - Tumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - Tahiti
tyv - Tuvinia
tzm - Tamazight Maroko Tengah
udm - Udmurt
ug - Uyghur
ug-arab - Uyghur (Arabic script)
ug-latn - Uyghur (Latin script)
uk - Ukraina
ur - Urdu
uz - Uzbek
uz-cyrl - ўзбекча
uz-latn - oʻzbekcha
ve - Venda
vec - Venesia
vep - Veps
vi - Vietnam
vls - West Flemish
vmf - Main-Franconian
vo - Volapuk
vot - Votia
vro - Võro
wa - Walloon
war - Warai
wo - Wolof
wuu - Wu Chinese
xal - Kalmuk
xh - Xhosa
xmf - Mingrelian
yi - Yiddish
yo - Yoruba
yue - Kanton
za - Zhuang
zea - Zeelandic
zh - China
zh-cn - Chinese (China)
zh-hans - China (Aksara Sederhana)
zh-hant - China (Aksara Tradisional)
zh-hk - Chinese (Hong Kong)
zh-mo - 中文(澳門)
zh-my - 中文(马来西亚)
zh-sg - Chinese (Singapore)
zh-tw - Chinese (Taiwan)
zu - Zulu
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<languages/> ==Module 2 : Pelsa : Village Reporter== ==Facilitator Manual== This manual is intended for Coordinators and other trainers who are responsible for engaging, recruiting, managing and retaining a strong village-based reporter network. Pelsa play a vital role in our information chain and offer quicker reporting of disease and more efficient response from the dinas staff. The goals for this Pelsa training are to; * teach new tools for use when reporting disease and allow good opportunity to practice using new skills, * increase Pelsa confidence and engagement, * motivate and inspire good practices, * give reward and acknowledgement, * strengthen the bond between Pelsa and Dinas staff. ===Background=== Pelsa have been chosen by their community, with or without the assistance of district veterinary staff, to be a village reporter (pelsa) and contribute to improving the health of livestock in their area, ensuring health problems are reported quickly and helping veterinary staff to respond effectively. Pelsa play a vital role in Indonesia's animal health system. They are the people closest to the community and closest to the livestock and their owners. Pelsa are the first point of assistance for their community and the first line of defense in protecting their community. Pelsa provide the farmers with a much needed link to the veterinary services and make it easier for paravets to respond efficiently. This training material attempts to support coordinators to develop the Pelsa skills, confidence and accuracy in recognising and reporting signs of disease in the local livestock population using iSIKHNAS. By the end of the course, Pelsa should be able to: * Know and socialize their role and build good relationship with the community * Recognise the clinical signs of common and/or important diseases of animals * Recognise several syndromes that characterise important (priority) infectious diseases * Use iSIKHNAS for the reporting disease events * Know who to contact for assistance. ===Two approaches=== '''For experienced Pelsa (and experienced Coordinators!)''' * Half day training course - iSIKHNAS reporting '''For new recruits''' * Full day training course - Recognising Signs of Disease and iSIKHNAS reporting ====Half day Pelsa Course==== =====Training schedule===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Time !! Session !! Topic |- | Morning|| 1 || Role and responsibilities of Pelsa (Village Animal Health Reporter) and Recognising health problems |- | || 2|| Recognising and Reporting health problems |- | || 3|| Reporting Scenarios |- | || 4|| Support, Feedback and Graduation |} ====Full Day Pelsa Course==== =====Training schedule===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Time !! Session !! Topic |- | Morning|| 1 || Role and responsibilities of Pelsa (Village Animal Health Reporter) |- | || 2|| Creating good linkages in the community |- | || 3|| Recognising health problems |- | || 4|| Recognising health problems |- | Afternoon|| 5|| Reporting health problems |- | || 6|| Scenarios |- | || 7|| Support and Feedback |- | || 8 || Graduation |} ===Preparation and logistics=== * New user registration ** [[User_registration_by_email_spreadsheet_upload|Registration of new users using a spreadsheet]] ** [[Manuals:Registration|Registration of new users using SMS or website]] * Training Management with the iSIKHNAS website * Printing * Recognition or Graduation ceremony === Materials === *Powerpoints and other aids *Graphics and other visual supports *Error samples and scenarios ===Session 1: Role and Responsibilities=== Pelsa should be able to; * '''Recognise signs of animal disease:''' They should be able to recognise when animals are showing signs that might mean they are suffering from disease, and be able to use a standard vocabulary and their associated codes for describing these signs and syndromes. * '''Report signs of animal disease:''' Pelsa send case reports of sick animals to the veterinary services by sending a special, short, coded SMS. This instantly alerts the local Dinas staff responsible for that area that there is an animal in that Pelsa's village that is showing possible signs of disease. The local Dinas vet or para-vet can then respond to that alert with a phone call to the Pelsa, ask further questions to establish if they should visit or whether they can advise treatment over the phone. * '''Be a trusted link to the veterinary services:''' Some villagers may feel shy or uncomfortable about contacting their Dinas veterinary services staff directly. But as Pelsa are trusted members of their own communities, many villagers will feel much more comfortable talking to a local Pelsa. This may mean that many more cases of disease are reported in villages that have Pelsa, compared to villages without Pelsa. It does not of course mean that villages with pelsa have more disease, just more reported cases. As Pelsa become recognised and appreciated by their community for their work, there will be more people who will want to use their services. This will ensure that the link between the community and the veterinary services stays strong and effective. * '''Be a source of information for the community:''' As the local contact person for their village, Pelsa can provide information from the local Dinas to the community. This may include notifications of animal disease cases or outbreaks in their area, or details of an upcoming vaccination program. Pelsa may also be able to participate or assist in activities related to vaccination or surveillance programs, keep population figures up to date and report the outcomes of various cases including if an animal has recovered from a particular reported problem. ===Session 2 : Community linkages=== ====Background==== Livestock play multiple roles in people's lives. These include: * Food and nutrition: animals are a very important source of food [protein] * Social functions: animals may raise the social status of their owners. They may contribute to gender balance by affording women the opportunity to own livestock. In some communities, animal have a role in cultural or religious practices. * Contribution to crop production: animals provide draught power and their manure contributes to soil fertility * Income generation and wealth accumulation: animals may enable saving of wealth, providing security and playing a role as a ‘bank account’ and ‘insurance policy’ * Economic role: animal production may be an important part of the local and regional economy * Livestock and the environment: livestock production is a part of sustainable land use, although animal production can have both positive and negative impact on the environment * Risk buffer: in some communities, animal production provides alternative streams of income that buffers against the risks of crop failures. The health of animals is vitally important to people's lives. Here are some effects of sickness and disease in animals; * increase the likelihood of poverty for individual farmers and their families, * threaten food security locally and sometimes more widely, * negatively affect local economies because people have less money to spend, or local industries start to fail, * impact the availability of draught power for cropping, * can be difficult and costly to treat or cure, and to control, * reduce production of animal products such as milk, eggs, meat, * can be a direct risk to human health, * increase the risk of follow-on effects from all of the above. It is important to get help or advice about animal health problems promptly. The longer the time between first noticing a disease problem and getting help or advice for it, the greater the risk animals and the livestock owning community are at to the above problems. Prompt reporting of problems to get advice about how to deal with it is important. Some problems appear very routine and mundane but even by reporting the problem farmers can help the veterinary services to respond better and find improved solutions for all farmers with the same problem in their livestock. What stops people from reporting? * Don't know where to report * Don't know why to report * Don't know how to report * Don't have faith in veterinary services * Worry about the costs * Don't care * Try to treat by themselves * Don't recognise the signs of disease * Don't recognise the urgency or importance * Worry that the vet services will cull their animals * Take a wait and see approach and sometimes win and sometimes lose Pelsa can help to break down some of these hurdles or barriers and make it more likely problems of disease will be reported. Pelsa are a vital link between the community and the veterinary services. Pelsa * are a trusted member of the community, * have training in signs recognition and the language to describe problems, * have experience in seeing cases, * have knowledge of how to report quickly and simply, * can help provide a continued link, pass on advice and offer assistance with treatments suggested by the vet services, * can determine if a problem appears to be of higher priority than others, * can observe problems even when the farmer has not and suggest a problem is reported, * can be a useful source of information, warnings, and advice to the community, * understands that reporting disease can bring benefit to the community as well as to the individual farmer. Pelsa can increase their network in their community by * being easily and readily available, * being open, friendly and helpful, * being responsible and trustworthy, * caring about the people and animals who live together, * having a charged mobile phone with pelsa, * wanting to improve in skills and knowledge about animal health, * knowing when to listen and when to call for help. ===Session 3 : Recognising signs of disease=== What are signs?: Signs are changes in an animal that are caused by disease and that people can detect. Clinical signs are things that the observer can directly see or measure, such as swollen joints, runny nose, or diarrhoea. ====Recognising signs of good health==== Animals cannot tell us if they are feeling sick or healthy, but we can observe signs that suggest that they are healthy. These include: * bright, alert, responsive * able to stand, walk and run properly * eat, drink and defecate normally * good body condition/weight * glossy coat and feather and complete/intact * normal social interactions and behaviour ====Recognising signs of disease==== Signs of disease are changes in an animal that are caused by disease and that people can detect. Signs are things that the observer can directly see or measure, such as swollen joints, runny nose, or diarrhoea. =====How to look over an animal?===== * Head - Look for changes or things which don't seem normal - eyes, ears, mouth, tongue, teeth, neck * Skin - Look for unusual patches, sores, redness, swelling, signs of rubbing or irritation * Limbs - Look for cuts, injury, swelling, unusual walking, other abnormalities * Excretions - Look at urine, faeces, blood, nose running, mouth drooling, other unusual fluids * Behaviour - Is the animal lying down and can't get up, aggressive, agitated etc =====What are common local signs of disease?===== * Group activity to list as many common signs as they can think of/have seen * Ordering them by how 'common' they are * Agreeing on the words used for the signs * Talking about differences and similarities =====What is a syndrome?===== Example of a cold in a human - runny nose, cough, weakness, lethargy, elevated temperature, etc. All the signs together point to a 'syndrome' which may or may not be a cold but could be. The collected signs describe what might be the problem. Defined priority syndromes is a way of detecting important problems but why are some diseases considered more important than others? * risk to human health (like rabies or anthrax) * risk of being very infectious (like AI) * risk of being exotic disease that we don't have (and don't want) (like FMD) * risk of huge losses (like AI or hog cholera) * risk of significant production losses (like brucellosis) The role of a Pelsa involves determining if a problem is a likely to be a routine disease or a priority disease by reporting the signs or syndrome the Pelsa can observe. Priority syndrome reports will get a faster response from the veterinary services because of the possibility it is a report of a significant or important disease and will require a more thorough investigation. iSIKHNAS uses codes to abbreviate the signs and the syndromes so that they are easier and quicker to report. iSIKHNAS interprets the codes and 'translates' them into real information. This is what we are going to learn about in the next sessions.... how to report a problem using iSIKHNAS coded SMS messages. Remember that when you report a problem to iSIKHNAS the report is used in two ways for two different purposes. # to alert the veterinary services in your area that there is a health problem # to add to the national data about all animal disease. Our decision makers need this data in order to help all the farmers in your area to improve the health of all livestock. So when reporting to iSIKHNAS Pelsa need to be encouraged to send accurate and complete information. ===Session 4 : Reporting disease=== A pelsa may hear about a health problem in the animal population in their area in a variety of ways. Perhaps a farmer will contact the Pelsa directly, perhaps she will hear about it indirectly through someone else in the village or the pelsa may come across the problem himself while walking around the village or during the course of a normal day's activity. As soon as the Pelsa hears about a new case they should try to visit the farmer and the animal if possible. Pelsa should talk to the farmer and ask him about the 'history' of the problem - when he noticed it first, if it has got worse, whether other animals are affected etc. These details will help to answer questions the dinas staff may ask the Pelsa after it is reported. Pelsa should look carefully at the animal and remember their training in signs recognition. The next thing you need to do is to '''report''' the problem. Pelsa must decide if the problem is a 'General' problem (Tanda Umum) or a 'Priority Syndrome' (Sindrom Prioritas). If the pelsa thinks the case meets any of the Priority Syndrome descriptions then she should send an SMS using the P message format. Otherwise he should send an SMS message to iSIKHNAS using the U message format including the main signs that can be seen. '''General signs report''' U [sign,sign...] [species] [number of animals] {location} '''Priority syndrome report''' P [syndrome] [species] [number of animals] {location} Remember that the information Pelsa send in each new report is used in two ways for two different purposes. # to alert the veterinary services in the area there is a health problem # to add to the national data about all animal disease. Our decision makers need this data in order to help all the farmers in your area to improve the health of all livestock. ====General signs reports==== U [sign,sign...] [species] [number of animals] {location} * Use '''CKT [name of sign]''' to look up a general sign codes. * Use '''Kode SP''' to look up species codes. * Use '''CKL [name of location]''' to look up the location code for a village. The U report allows you to report the individual signs of disease that you see in the animal. You may see several signs and you should report the most significant signs. You can report several signs. Remember to separate the signs with a comma. Pelsa are provided with training on how to look for and recognise a list of common, easily observable signs. Each sign on this list has been given an easy code to make reporting easier. Use this list to report the signs you see as accurately as you can. Remember, the information is important and useful so try to be as accurate as you can. Don't be lazy and use "Tanda Lain"! When you register as a Pelsa your location is also registered. All of your messages will include the details of your location ''automatically'' so most of the time most Pelsa will never have to report their location. This {location} part of the message format is optional and only used by some people who have a larger area of responsibility than a single village. Remember that the information you send in each new report is used in two ways for two different purposes. # to alert the veterinary services in your area there is a health problem # to add to the national data about all animal disease. Our decision makers need this data in order to help all the farmers in your area to improve the health of all livestock. Reports of General Signs of disease whilst important are much less likely to be disease of significance to the whole community. The veterinary staff will respond to these messages as soon as they can. Staff will likely call you to get more details and offer advice for treatment. Sometimes they will visit the animal to investigate further. P messages received by the iSIKHNAS system will receive a faster response by the veterinary services because they '''may''' be diseases which could be dangerous to humans, or which spread quickly or which IF they get into Indonesia could be economically catastrophic for the country. Most P reports will ensure a visit by veterinary staff. {{hlbox|'''Training Notes''' *This message allows for more than one sign to be entered - multiple entries need to be separated by a comma *Signs recognition practice may be necessary or an activity to focus staff and perhaps look at how easy and intuitive the codes are. *Repeat the importance of making the clear decision for every case - Is this a Priority Syndrome/Important disease? (if yes, send a P, if not send a U message). This step is about ''discounting'' the possibility of an important disease before reporting a General signs case. Priority syndrome awareness raising will be important. *Pelsa are not being asked to give a diagnosis. Dinas staff should contact the Pelsa (usually by telephone) and provide a Differential Diagnosis - the equivalent of a "best guess", or an opinion using experience and training to whatever level a person has, not necessarily a vet. A differential diagnosis can also be adjusted, changed or reversed when new information becomes available which helps to refine the opinion. When looking at a differential diagnosis, the confidence you have about it comes from knowing more about the person who gave the opinion. iSIKHNAS provides this information because all records are linked to the person who reported them. A Definitive Diagnosis however is provided by a vet with the help of laboratory test results and other evidence and is obviously most reliable and final. *Pelsa should be discouraged from using 'other signs', ‘tanda lain’. These are unhelpful. Where there are multiple signs, Pelsa may just choose the most important, significant or prominent signs. *Codes for specific signs can be queried using CKT [nama tanda]. Sign codes can be found by CKT [freetext] query which allows users to query the code for signs which start with similar letters or match the freetext entry. Eg CKT kembung returns kembung KBG and other options with similar letter configurations. *When to use optional location code – pelsa with several villages. *Location codes are gradually being updated and will soon be able to be managed locally. * Remember: Different message formats for AH staff and Pelsa reporters - no diagnosis for pelsa. *100% response rate should be the target for dinas staff – mostly by telephone perhaps.}} ====List of general signs for the U (Tanda Umum) report==== {{#apGetSQL:select code, hierindent(name[1],hiercode,true) from signs where not del and pelsa and code is not null order by hiersort(hiercode)|Code,Sign}} ====Priority Syndrome reports==== P [syndrome] [species] [number of animals] {location} * Use '''Kode SIN''' to look up a syndrome code * Use '''Kode SP''' to look up species codes. * Use '''CKL [name of location]''' to look up the location code for a village. P messages '''do not''' use the General Signs codes. P messages use only the Sindrom Prioritas 3-letter codes which represent descriptions of syndromes which look similar to important or priority disease. Syndromes are used to describe a specific set of signs which if seen together in particular species '''could''' be one of these important diseases. You are '''not''' being asked to ''diagnose'' a case but to simply be on the alert to the possibility of these priority diseases being present in your area every time you see a sick animal. It is better to be alert and on the lookout in order to protect your community from the consequences of a serious outbreak which could have been prevented early. P messages received by the iSIKHNAS system will receive a faster response by the veterinary services because they '''may''' be diseases which could be dangerous to humans, or which spread quickly or which IF they get into Indonesia could be economically catastrophic for the country. Most P reports will ensure a visit by veterinary staff. General signs reports are very important too of course but much less likely to be disease of significance to the whole community. The veterinary staff will respond to these messages as soon as they can. Staff will likely call you to get more details and offer advice for treatment. Sometimes they will visit the animal to investigate further. Remember that when you register as a Pelsa your location is also registered. All of your messages will include the details of your location ''automatically'' so most of the time most Pelsa will never have to report their location. This {location} part of the message format is optional and only used by some people who have a larger area of responsibility than a single village. ====List of Priority Syndrome codes for the P (Sindrom Prioritas) report==== {{#apGetSQL:select s.code, s.name[1], s.description[1], splist as Spesies from syndromes s join ( select synid, string_agg(sp.name[1],', ') as splist from ( select id as synid, unnest(targetspeciesid) as spid from syndromes ) as foo join species sp on sp.id = spid group by synid ) as bar on synid = s.id order by Code,Name[1],Description[1]|Kode, Nama, Description, Spesies}} {{hlbox|'''Training Notes''' *Priority codes and definitions – There are six defined syndromes but should also be referred to as a tool for reporting ''important'' disease, not just listed ''priority diseases'' *There is one additional undefined Priority syndrome where signs don’t fit into the syndrome description but reporter feels urgent response is required (if suspected to be zoonotic, highly contagious, high mortality etc) *Positive Consequences - Those who report P should be thanked for staying alert, even if their report turns out to be false alarm, as it will in many cases, at least it shows reporter is alert and conscious of importance of distinguishing important from routine disease. Reporters should never be afraid to report a P message but overuse will of course have possible negative consequences - "fatigue" may develop and future '''true''' priority cases may be ignored. Remember: Most "P" cases will be negative for the priority or important disease - the importance lies in our vigilance in looking out for these diseases. *Pelsa are not being asked to give a diagnosis - just to alert dinas to what they see. *100% should be visited quickly, after an initial telephone call to ask for further details *Repeating sequence (species, number of animals) for multiple species with similar syndrome *Pelsa should be encouraged to memorise their village code or keep it in a handy place on their phone. *Additional Priority Syndrome has been added which allows Pelsa to report urgent looking case (zoonosis, high morbidity/mortality or contagious) without having a clear syndrome is an alert for unknown or exotic disease. This is like a "Red button" to ask for help when they are concerned.}}