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	<title>Advanced Field Epi:Manual 2 - Diagnostic Tests/id - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-08-27T00:05:38Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=37019&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:49, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=37019&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:49:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.49&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l151&quot; &gt;Baris 151:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 151:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hasil untuk hewan yang bebas penyakit (D-) biasanya tumpang tindih dengan hasil pada populasi yang sakit (D+). Hewan di sebelah kanan dari titik potong (C-C) diklasifikasikan sebagai reaktor (sakit atau terinfeksi) dan hewan ke kiri diklasifikasikan sebagai negatif (tidak terinfeksi). Jika positif palsu lebih sedikit diperlukan, C-C dipindahkan ke kanan; spesifisitas meningkat dan sensitivitas menurun. Namun, jika negatif palsu yang lebih sedikit diperlukan, C-C dipindahkan ke kiri: sensitivitas meningkat dan spesifisitas berkurang.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hasil untuk hewan yang bebas penyakit (D-) biasanya tumpang tindih dengan hasil pada populasi yang sakit (D+). Hewan di sebelah kanan dari titik potong (C-C) diklasifikasikan sebagai reaktor (sakit atau terinfeksi) dan hewan ke kiri diklasifikasikan sebagai negatif (tidak terinfeksi). Jika positif palsu lebih sedikit diperlukan, C-C dipindahkan ke kanan; spesifisitas meningkat dan sensitivitas menurun. Namun, jika negatif palsu yang lebih sedikit diperlukan, C-C dipindahkan ke kiri: sensitivitas meningkat dan spesifisitas berkurang.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Selection of the appropriate &lt;/del&gt;cut-off &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;value will depend on a number of issues including the relative cost of false positives and false negatives&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the stage of an eradication &lt;/del&gt;program, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;if any&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and the availability of other tests&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;An important consequence of imperfect specificity &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;i.e. &lt;/del&gt;~&amp;lt; 100%) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is that if a large number of animals are tested from a population free of the disease in question&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;there is a significant chance of &lt;/del&gt;abnormal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;results&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For example&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;if &lt;/del&gt;10 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;independent samples were tested using a test with &lt;/del&gt;90% &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;specificity the probability of at least &lt;/del&gt;1 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;positive test result occurring is &lt;/del&gt;65%.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Pemilihan nilai &lt;/ins&gt;cut-off &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;yang sesuai tergantung pada sejumlah isu termasuk biaya relatif positif palsu dan negatif palsu&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tahap &lt;/ins&gt;program &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pemberantasan&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jika ada&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dan ketersediaan tes lainnya&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Konsekuensi penting dari kekhususan yang tidak sempurna &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;yaitu &lt;/ins&gt;~ &amp;lt;100%) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;adalah bahwa jika sejumlah besar hewan diuji dari populasi bebas penyakit tersebut&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ada kemungkinan besar hasil &lt;/ins&gt;abnormal. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Sebagai contoh&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jika &lt;/ins&gt;10 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;sampel independen diuji dengan menggunakan tes dengan &lt;/ins&gt;90% &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;probabilitas spesifisitas minimal &lt;/ins&gt;1 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hasil tes positif yang terjadi adalah &lt;/ins&gt;65%.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Nilai Prediktif ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Nilai Prediktif ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=37017&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:49, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=37017&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:49:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;amp;diff=37017&amp;amp;oldid=36867&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36867&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:27, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36867&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:27:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.27&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l738&quot; &gt;Baris 738:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 738:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Everitt, R. S. 1989. Statistical Methods for Medical Investigation, New York, Oxford University Press.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Everitt, R. S. 1989. Statistical Methods for Medical Investigation, New York, Oxford University Press.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Feinstein, A. R. &amp;amp; Cicchetti, D. V. 1990. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. [see comments.]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology., 43:43-9.&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Feinstein, A. R. &amp;amp; Cicchetti, D. V. 1990. High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. [see comments.]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology., 43:43-9.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Georgiadis, M. P., Johnson, W. O., Singh, R. &amp;amp; Gardner, I. A. 2003. Correlation-adjusted estimation of sensitivity and specificity of two diagnostic tests. Applied statistics, 52:63-76.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Georgiadis, M. P., Johnson, W. O., Singh, R. &amp;amp; Gardner, I. A. 2003. Correlation-adjusted estimation of sensitivity and specificity of two diagnostic tests. Applied statistics, 52:63-76.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36860&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona: Created page with &quot;Opsteegh, M., Teunis, P., Mensink, M., Zuchner, L., Titilincu, A., Langelaar, M. &amp; van der Giessen, J. 2010. Evaluation of ELISA test characteristics and estimation of Toxopla...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36860&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:27:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Opsteegh, M., Teunis, P., Mensink, M., Zuchner, L., Titilincu, A., Langelaar, M. &amp;amp; van der Giessen, J. 2010. Evaluation of ELISA test characteristics and estimation of Toxopla...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.27&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l189&quot; &gt;Baris 189:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 189:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;With an understanding of the principles of predictive values, the following rules of thumb for using tests in the diagnostic process at the individual animal level can be recommended:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;With an understanding of the principles of predictive values, the following rules of thumb for using tests in the diagnostic process at the individual animal level can be recommended:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Jika tujuannya adalah &lt;/del&gt;''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;untuk mengonfirmasikan kemungkinan &lt;/del&gt;diagnosis'' (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aturan situasi &lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;rule-in&amp;quot;), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;kemudian pilih pengujian yang memiliki &lt;/del&gt;''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;spesifisitas tinggi&lt;/del&gt;'' (~&amp;gt;95%) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dan setidaknya sensitivitas sedang &lt;/del&gt;(~&amp;gt;75%). &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Jika hasil positif dikembalikan&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;maka sangat mungkin individu memiliki penyakit tersebut &lt;/del&gt;(PPV &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tinggi untuk pengujian dengan spesifisitas tinggi&lt;/del&gt;). &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Jika hasil negatif dikembalikan&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;maka pekerjaan diagnostik selanjutnya diperlukan&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;If the objective is &lt;/ins&gt;''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to confirm a likely &lt;/ins&gt;diagnosis'' (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;rule-in&amp;quot; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;situation&lt;/ins&gt;), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;then choose a test which has &lt;/ins&gt;''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;high specificity&lt;/ins&gt;'' (~&amp;gt;95%) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and at least moderate sensitivity &lt;/ins&gt;(~&amp;gt;75%). &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;If a positive result is returned&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;then it is highly likely the individual has the disease in question &lt;/ins&gt;(PPV&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'s are high for tests with high specificity&lt;/ins&gt;). &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;If a negative result is returned&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;then further diagnostic work up is required&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Jika tujuannya adalah untuk &lt;/del&gt;''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;mengonfirmasikan bahwa individu bebas dari penyakit tertentu&lt;/del&gt;'' (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aturan situasi &lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;rule-out&amp;quot;), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;kemudian pilih pengujian dengan sensitifitas tinggi &lt;/del&gt;(~&amp;gt;95%) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dan setidaknya spesifisitas sedang &lt;/del&gt;(~ &amp;gt;75%). &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Jika hasil negatif dikembalikan&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;maka sangat mungkin individu bebas dari penyakit tersebut&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Jika hasil positif dikembalikan&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;maka pengujian lebih lanjut diperlukan dengan tes yang lebih spesifik untuk memastikan apakah hasilnya adalah hasil positif palsu atau bukan&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;If the objective is to &lt;/ins&gt;''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;confirm that an individual is free from a particular disease&lt;/ins&gt;'' (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;rule-out&amp;quot; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;situation&lt;/ins&gt;), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;then choose a test with high sensitivity &lt;/ins&gt;(~&amp;gt;95%) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and at least moderate specificity &lt;/ins&gt;(~&amp;gt;75%). &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;If a negative result is returned&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;then it is highly likely the individual is free from the disease in question&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;If a positive result is returned&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;then further testing is required with more specific tests to ascertain whether or not the result was a false positive result or not&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Beberapa pengujian ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Beberapa pengujian ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l489&quot; &gt;Baris 489:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 489:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Oleh karena itu, prevalensi benar = (0.04 + 0.9 - 1)/(0.9 + 0.9 - 1) = -0.06/0.8 = -0.0625.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Oleh karena itu, prevalensi benar = (0.04 + 0.9 - 1)/(0.9 + 0.9 - 1) = -0.06/0.8 = -0.0625.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Contoh di atas menggambarkan satu potensi masalah dengan rumus &lt;/del&gt;Rogan &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dan &lt;/del&gt;Gladen, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;yaitu dalam beberapa keadaan perkiraan negatif dapat dihasilkan&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Namun&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;prevalensi negatif &lt;/del&gt;(&amp;lt;0) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jelas tidak mungkin&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jadi untuk skenario ini asumsi tentang sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pastilah tidak benar&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Sebagai contoh&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jika spesifisitas adalah &lt;/del&gt;90% (0&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;,&lt;/del&gt;9), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dan Anda menguji &lt;/del&gt;150 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hewan&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Anda berharap memiliki &lt;/del&gt;0&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;,&lt;/del&gt;1*150 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;atau rata-rata sekitar &lt;/del&gt;15 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hasil positif palsu &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bahkan pada populasi yang tidak terinfeksi&lt;/del&gt;). &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Oleh karena itu jika hanya &lt;/del&gt;4 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;positif dicatat&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;spesivisitas tes harus jauh lebih tinggi dari &lt;/del&gt;90% (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;perkiraan &lt;/del&gt;minimum &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;mengasumsikan semua positif adalah positif palsu&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;sehingga spesifisitas &lt;/del&gt;= 1 - &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;prevalensi jelas &lt;/del&gt;= 1 - 4% &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;atau &lt;/del&gt;96%).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;The above example illustrates one potential problem with &lt;/ins&gt;Rogan &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;Gladen &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;formula&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which is that in some circumstances negative estimates can be produced&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;However&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a negative &lt;/ins&gt;(&amp;lt;0) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;prevalence is clearly impossible&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;so for this scenario the assumptions about sensitivity and specificity must be incorrect&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For example&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;if specificity was &lt;/ins&gt;90% (0&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;9), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and you tested &lt;/ins&gt;150 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;animals&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;you would expect to have &lt;/ins&gt;0&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;1*150 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or on average about &lt;/ins&gt;15 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;false positive results &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;even in an uninfected population&lt;/ins&gt;). &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Therefore if only &lt;/ins&gt;4 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;positives were recorded&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the specificity of the test must be much higher than &lt;/ins&gt;90% (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a &lt;/ins&gt;minimum &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;estimate would be to assume all of the positives are false positives&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;so that specificity &lt;/ins&gt;= 1 - &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;apparent prevalence &lt;/ins&gt;= 1 - 4% &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or &lt;/ins&gt;96%).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Karena perkiraan prevalensi adalah proporsi yang juga harus kita hitung dan menghadirkan interval kepercayaan untuk estimasi. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Karena perkiraan prevalensi adalah proporsi yang juga harus kita hitung dan menghadirkan interval kepercayaan untuk estimasi. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l517&quot; &gt;Baris 517:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 517:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jika spesifisitas uji adalah 100% (yaitu setiap reaktor ditindaklanjuti untuk mengkonfirmasi statusnya) perhitungan SeH disederhanakan:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jika spesifisitas uji adalah 100% (yaitu setiap reaktor ditindaklanjuti untuk mengkonfirmasi statusnya) perhitungan SeH disederhanakan:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''SeH '''= 1 - (1 - Prev x Se)&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;m&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''SeH ''' = 1 - (1 - Prev&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;x Se)&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;m&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sebuah contoh&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sebuah contoh&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36845&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:25, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36845&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:25:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.25&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l643&quot; &gt;Baris 643:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 643:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Metode &amp;quot;gold standard&amp;quot; bergantung pada klasifikasi individu menggunakan tes referensi (atau tes) dengan sensitivitas&amp;#160; dan/atau spesifisitas yang sempurna untuk mengidentifikasi kelompok individu yang sakit dan yang tidak sakit di mana tes dapat dievaluasi. Sebaliknya, metode &amp;quot;non gold standard&amp;quot; yang digunakan dalam situasi di mana penentuan status infeksi sebenarnya dari setiap individu tidak memungkinkan atau secara ekonomis tidak layak.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Metode &amp;quot;gold standard&amp;quot; bergantung pada klasifikasi individu menggunakan tes referensi (atau tes) dengan sensitivitas&amp;#160; dan/atau spesifisitas yang sempurna untuk mengidentifikasi kelompok individu yang sakit dan yang tidak sakit di mana tes dapat dievaluasi. Sebaliknya, metode &amp;quot;non gold standard&amp;quot; yang digunakan dalam situasi di mana penentuan status infeksi sebenarnya dari setiap individu tidak memungkinkan atau secara ekonomis tidak layak.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Terlepas dari metode yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas, sejumlah prinsip penting yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika mengevaluasi tes, seperti untuk studi epidemiologi lainnya ([# &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;_ENREF_8 &lt;/del&gt;Greiner dan Gardner, 2000]):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Terlepas dari metode yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas, sejumlah prinsip penting yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika mengevaluasi tes, seperti untuk studi epidemiologi lainnya ([#&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;8 &lt;/ins&gt;Greiner dan Gardner, 2000]):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Populasi penelitian dari mana sampel diambil harus mewakili populasi di mana tes ini akan diterapkan;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Populasi penelitian dari mana sampel diambil harus mewakili populasi di mana tes ini akan diterapkan;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36843&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:25, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36843&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:25:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.25&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l641&quot; &gt;Baris 641:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 641:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ada dua pendekatan luas untuk memperkirakan sensitivitas&amp;#160; dan spesifitas tes. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ada dua pendekatan luas untuk memperkirakan sensitivitas&amp;#160; dan spesifitas tes. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Gold &lt;/del&gt;standard&amp;quot; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;methods rely on the classification of individuals using a reference test &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or tests&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;with perfect sensitivity and&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or specificity to identify groups of diseased and non-diseased individuals in which the test can be evaluated&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In contrast&lt;/del&gt;, &amp;quot;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Non-&lt;/del&gt;gold&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;-&lt;/del&gt;standard&amp;quot; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;methods are used in situations where determination of the true infection &lt;/del&gt;status &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of each individual is not possible or economically feasible&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Metode &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;gold &lt;/ins&gt;standard&amp;quot; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bergantung pada klasifikasi individu menggunakan tes referensi &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;atau tes&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dengan sensitivitas&amp;#160; dan&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;atau spesifisitas yang sempurna untuk mengidentifikasi kelompok individu yang sakit dan yang tidak sakit di mana tes dapat dievaluasi&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Sebaliknya&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;metode &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;non &lt;/ins&gt;gold standard&amp;quot; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;yang digunakan dalam situasi di mana penentuan &lt;/ins&gt;status &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;infeksi sebenarnya dari setiap individu tidak memungkinkan atau secara ekonomis tidak layak&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Terlepas dari metode yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas, sejumlah prinsip penting yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika mengevaluasi tes, seperti untuk studi epidemiologi lainnya ([# _ENREF_8 Greiner dan Gardner, 2000]):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Terlepas dari metode yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas, sejumlah prinsip penting yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika mengevaluasi tes, seperti untuk studi epidemiologi lainnya ([# _ENREF_8 Greiner dan Gardner, 2000]):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36840&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:24, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36840&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:24:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.24&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l606&quot; &gt;Baris 606:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 606:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Where &lt;/del&gt;'''''NPV'' '''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is the negative predictive value of the test in the population of origin&lt;/del&gt;, '''''Se''''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;'''''Sp '''''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;are animal-level sensitivity and specificity respectively&lt;/del&gt;, '''''Prev''''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is true disease prevalence and &lt;/del&gt;'''''m '''''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is the number of animals tested&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;As sample size increases the probability that the group will all test negative decreases&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;so that the overall risk associated with a group can be reduced by increasing the sample size&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;However&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;if all animals do test negatively the probability that one or more are actually infected increases &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;assuming that they are from an infected population&lt;/del&gt;), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;as shown in Figure &lt;/del&gt;4.6.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''''NPV'' '''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;adalah nilai prediktif tes pada populasi asal&lt;/ins&gt;, '''''Se''''' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dan &lt;/ins&gt;'''''Sp '''''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;adalah sensitivitas dan spesifisitas tingkat hewan&lt;/ins&gt;, '''''Prev''''' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;adalah prevalensi penyakit sebenarnya &lt;/ins&gt;'''''m '''''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;adalah jumlah hewan yang diuji&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Mengingat ukuran sampel bertambah kemungkinan kelompok semua tes negatif menurun&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;sehingga keseluruhan risiko yang terkait dengan kelompok dapat dikurangi dengan menambah ukuran sampel&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Namun&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jika semua hewan melakukan tes negatif probabilitas bahwa satu atau lebih dari satu sebenarnya terinfeksi menjadi meningkat &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dengan asumsi bahwa mereka berasal dari populasi yang terinfeksi&lt;/ins&gt;), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar &lt;/ins&gt;4.6.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sebagai contoh: Jika 20 hewan dipilih dari kelompok atau kawanan dengan prevalensi benar 0,05 (5%) dan diuji menggunakan tes dengan Se = 0,9 dan Sp = 0,99, dan 20 memiliki hasil negatif, kemungkinan bahwa ada satu atau lebih dari satu hewan yang terinfeksi dalam kelompok adalah sekitar 0,1 (10%). Selain itu, kemungkinan bahwa 20 hewan akan memiliki hasil tes negatif adalah sekitar 0,33 (33%). &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sebagai contoh: Jika 20 hewan dipilih dari kelompok atau kawanan dengan prevalensi benar 0,05 (5%) dan diuji menggunakan tes dengan Se = 0,9 dan Sp = 0,99, dan 20 memiliki hasil negatif, kemungkinan bahwa ada satu atau lebih dari satu hewan yang terinfeksi dalam kelompok adalah sekitar 0,1 (10%). Selain itu, kemungkinan bahwa 20 hewan akan memiliki hasil tes negatif adalah sekitar 0,33 (33%). &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36833&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:24, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36833&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:24:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.24&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l591&quot; &gt;Baris 591:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 591:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The situation is further complicated where the test procedure being used has poor sensitivity&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which is the case for many tests in regular use&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Situasi semakin rumit ketika prosedur tes yang digunakan memiliki sensitivitas yang buruk&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;yang sering kali terjadi pada banyak tes yang digunakan secara reguler&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Probabilitas memperkenalkan infeksi pada kelompok hewan yang diuji negatif adalah sama dengan probabilitas satu atau lebih dari satu hewan dalam kelompok yang terinfeksi tetapi tes negatif. Probabilitas ini dapat dihitung sebagai:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Probabilitas memperkenalkan infeksi pada kelompok hewan yang diuji negatif adalah sama dengan probabilitas satu atau lebih dari satu hewan dalam kelompok yang terinfeksi tetapi tes negatif. Probabilitas ini dapat dihitung sebagai:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36827&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:23, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36827&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:23:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.23&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l549&quot; &gt;Baris 549:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 549:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SpH = 0.99&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;100&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SpH = 0.99&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;100&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;= 0.37 atau 37%&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= 0.37 atau 37%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SPH tidak terpengaruh oleh prevalensi karena, menurut definisi, SPH hanya berlaku untuk kawanan dengan nol prevalensi (tidak terpengaruh) &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SPH tidak terpengaruh oleh prevalensi karena, menurut definisi, SPH hanya berlaku untuk kawanan dengan nol prevalensi (tidak terpengaruh) &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36825&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Catriona at 07:23, 10 May 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.isikhnas.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Field_Epi:Manual_2_-_Diagnostic_Tests/id&amp;diff=36825&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-05-10T07:23:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 10 Mei 2015 07.23&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l541&quot; &gt;Baris 541:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 541:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SeH = 1 - (1 - (0.02*0.9 + (1 - 0.02)*(1 - 0.99)))&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;100&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SeH = 1 - (1 - (0.02*0.9 + (1 - 0.02)*(1 - 0.99)))&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;100&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;= 0.94 atau 94%&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= 0.94 atau 94%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SeH menurun seiring penurunan prevalensi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SeH menurun seiring penurunan prevalensi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Catriona</name></author>
		
	</entry>
</feed>