Basic Field Epi: Facilitator Guide/id

Pedoman Fasilitator

Tentang pedoman ini

Pedoman ini memuat informasi untuk membantu fasilitator mempersiapkan dan menyampaikan pelatihan mengenai Epidemiologi Lapangan Tingkat Dasar.

Pedoman ini memuat ulasan pelatihan termasuk struktur pelatihan, tujuan dan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan pelatihan. Pedoman memuat informasi mengenai cara mempersiapkan kursus yang sukses dan cara memandu setiap sesi.

Sesi pelatihan meliputi latihan atau pertanyaan untuk peserta, jawaban tersedia di dalam pedoman ini.

Setiap fasilitator akan menerima satu salinan dari pedoman ini beserta satu paket sumber daya Pelatihan yang terdiri atas semua dokumen dan video yang dibutuhkan untuk memfasilitasi kursus.

Fasilitator harus membaca materi pelatihan dan menyaksikan video sebelum kursus dimulai. Membiasakan diri dengan bahan administratif pendukung juga penting.

Pedoman yang amat praktis, Fasilitasi Pelatihan: Cara memfasilitasi sebuah kursus dan membantu orang untuk belajar, telah dikembangkan untuk mendukung dan mengembangkan lebih lanjut keterampilan fasilitasi anda.  Anda harus membaca manual ini dan menonton materi video pendamping sebelum kursus dimulai untuk membantu anda merasa lebih percaya diri dan mendapatkan manfaat materi kursus.

Ikhtisar kursus

Kursus pelatihan ini dikembangkan sebagai bagian Program Kesehatan Hewan Kemitraan Australia Indonesia untuk Penyakit Menular yang Baru Muncul.

Tujuan menyeluruh untuk Komponen 2.1 Program Kesehatan Hewan AIP-EID adalah untuk meningkatkan pengumpulan, manajemen, dan penggunaan informasi kesehatan hewan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas untuk pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit yang efektif.

Pelatihan dalam epidemiologi lapangan tingkat dasar telah dikembangkan untuk memberikan keterampilan yang dibutuhkan paraveteriner (dan dokter hewan) untuk mengumpulkan data surveilans berkualitas tinggi, dan untuk membuat keputusan yang lebih baik berdasarkan data yang terkumpul.

Pernyataan kompetensi

Pernyataan kompetensi adalah sebuah gambaran yang mungkin diharapkan apa yang dapat dilakukan oleh seorang individu agar sukses dalam pekerjaan mereka. Pernyataan kompetensi berikut menggambarkan apa yang diharapkan dapat dilakukan oleh paravet.

Paravet diharapkan dapat menggunakan keterampilan epidemiologi lapangan beserta keterampilan klinis hewan individu untuk memberi pelayanan diagnostik, pengobatan, dan pencegahan penyakit untuk keuntungan ternak Indonesia dan pemiliknya.

Untuk mencapai ini, paravet yang bekerja di desa-desa dengan sumber daya terbatas harus dapat:

• Menjelaskan perbedaan antara tanda atau sindrom, penyakit, dan diagnosis;

• Menggambarkan pendekatan sistematis pada investigasi penyakit hewan yang melibatkan pengumpulan bukti melalui sejarah, pemeriksaan klinis, pemeriksaan lingkungan, dan pengujian laboratorium;

• Memahami penyebab penyakit dan menggunakan informasi ini untuk menilai dan menjelaskan pilihan bagi para peternak untuk mengobati dan mencegah penyakit pada ternak mereka;

• Menyumbangkan data dan informasi ke dalam dan menggunakan informasi yang diambil dari Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Hewan yang relevan, seperti iSIKHNAS, untuk membantu kegiatan di atas.

Struktur kursus

Kursus didesain untuk dilaksanakan selama 3 hari, dengan total 12 sesi pengajaran. Sesi pertama adalah pengenalan kursus dan sesi terakhir akan fokus pada konklusi dan upacara penutupan. Berarti terdapat 10 sesi untuk pelatihan konten.

Struktur umum setiap sesi adalah

• Pengenalan sesi, tujuan pembelajaran, dan latihan

• Video atau file PowerPoint yang berkaitan dengan sesi ini ditampilkan dan didiskusikan

• Kegiatan dan latihan

• Ulasan konsep-konsep utama

• Umpan balik dan evaluasi

Paket sumber daya pelatihan

Paket sumber daya pelatihan untuk kursus ini meliputi sebagai berikut:

Pedoman Fasilitator - disediakan untuk semua fasilitator.

Buku Sumber Daya Epidemiologi Lapangan Tingkat Dasar - Berisi konten keseluruhan kursus dan dimaksudkan untuk digunakan oleh fasilitator sebagai sumber materi dan juga sebagai referensi mandiri bagi peserta yang antusias.  Disarankan untuk mencetak beberapa salinan dan menyimpannya di kantor untuk dipinjamkan pada staf yang tertarik membaca materi atau memperbaikinya.  Dokumen juga akan tersedia secara daring sebagai file PDF yang dapat diunduh.

Manual peserta - tersedia bagi setiap peserta. Dokumen yang mudah dibaca yang terdiri atas konten yang dirangkum dicakup dalam kursus. Manual akan digunakan oleh peserta sebagai materi rujukan selama kursus dan setelahnya. Manual juga akan tersedia secara daring dan sebagai file PDF yang dapat diunduh dan dilihat di setiap komputer atau tablet.

File PowerPoint - disediakan bagi semua fasilitator dan tersedia secara daring atau dalam file elektronik untuk semua peserta. Untuk semua sesi, kecuali sesi pertama dan terakhir, akan ada dua file PowerPoint:

• satu file PowerPoint dimaksudkan agar ditampilkan dan dibahas oleh fasilitator

• file kedua dimaksudkan untuk direkam sebagai voice over untuk PowerPoint agar dapat diproyeksikan seperti sebuah video. File ini akan menampilkan konten teknis untuk setiap sesi. Tujuannya adalah untuk memastikan bahwa konten teknis dapat disampaikan dalam cara yang konsisten di sepanjang program pelatihan.

Dokumen administrasi- disediakan bagi semua fasilitator. Dokumen-dokumen ini meliputi: informasi paket pelatihan fasilitator, informasi pra-kursus peserta, daftar periksa persiapan kursus pelatihan, daftar hadir, template sertifikat, serta dibutuhkan untuk menjalankan pelatihan dengan efektif.

Formulir evaluasi - disediakan bagi semua fasilitator dan peserta. Formulir evaluasi digunakan untuk dua tujuan: evaluasi kinerja peserta, dan untuk mengumpulkan umpan balik mengenai kursus dari peserta dan fasilitator.

Dukungan daring - sebuah laman akan dikembangkan untuk proyek ini guna membuat materi sumber daya tersedia secara daring. Materi pengajaran, video, dan sumber daya pembelajaran tambahan akan disediakan melalui laman tersebut.

Mempersiapkan untuk Kursus Epidemiologi Lapangan Tingkat Dasar

Siapa yang seharusnya mengikuti pelatihan?

Kursus ini telah didesain bagi paravet yang secara rutin bekerja dengan para peternak dan isu-isu kesehatan hewan mereka di lapangan.

Para dokter hewan yang ingin menyegarkan pemahaman epidemiologikal mendasar mereka dan agar lebih mengetahui mengenai pengetahuan dan kemampuan staf yang mereka awasi juga harus didorong untuk mengikuti kursus. Jika dokter hewan mengikuti kursus, mereka harus didorong untuk lebih berpartisipasi sebagai pengamat dan memberi sumber daya manusia serta membiarkan paravet untuk berpartisipasi dengan aktif.

Di mana pelatihan ini seharusnya diadakan?

Tempat pelatihan harus nyaman, tenang, dan jauh dari distraksi, seperti kantor para peserta. Ruang pelatihan harus dilengkapi dengan meja dan kursi yang dapat dipindahkan dan harus ada ruang yang mencukupi bagi peserta agar dapat bekerja nyaman dalam latihan kelompok. Harus ada whiteboard, flipchart, komputer dan proyektor, serta banyak ruang di dinding untuk menempelkan peraturan dasar, ekspektasi, dan hasil latihan kelompok.

Sumber daya apa yang dibutuhkan?

• Enough copies of the Participant workbook to provide one copy to every participant

• Facilitator Guide for each facilitator

• Basic Epidemiology Resource Book (copy for each facilitator and perhaps 1-2 extras for participants to look at during the course.

• Whiteboard , white board marker pens & eraser; flipchart and paper for flipchart and marker pens, adhesive to stick paper to wall, pens for participants, blank note paper for participants.

• Facilitators will need a laptop computer, projector, and microphone if necessary.

Projecting PowerPoint files

The training material includes one or two PowerPoint files intended to be projected during each session.

It is suggested that facilitators use Presenter View (in Microsoft Office 2010 or later) to project the facilitator file. Using Presenter View is a great way to view your presentation with speaker notes on one computer (your laptop, for example), while your audience views the notes-free presentation projected on a larger screen.

The facilitator file has been developed with notes inserted so that when using presenter view the facilitator can view the explanatory notes and suggestions relating to each slide as it is projected.

If facilitators do not have Microsoft Officer 2010 or later, then this capacity may not be functional. In that case facilitators may wish to print handout versions of the PowerPoint files so they can refer to these notes as they project their PowerPoint files.

Assessment of participant performance

Assessment of participant performance should be based on two criteria. The first is attendance at each of the three training days. Participants will be asked to sign their names at an attendance sheet each morning so there is a record of attendance each day.

The second criteria for assessment is through facilitators observing participants during the training course and recording brief notes on participation during training and any relevant comments.

During this assessment process facilitators should consider allocating participants to three broad categories:

• those that are doing an outstanding job of participating in discussions and showing an understanding of the concepts,

• those who are participating and grasping most of the concepts, and

• those who appear to not understand issues or make little contribution to discussion and activities

It will be important that facilitators be prepared to provide extra discussion and review for participants that appear to be struggling to understand concepts and also to try and encourage these individuals to participate more in group activities.

How to make your training successful and interesting?

a. Give yourself sufficient time to prepare

It is very important that you read through all the training package material. Also becoming familiar with other supportive resources/ material/ references will help you have a successful work shop.

This material has been developed for veterinarians to act as facilitators. Facilitators are not expected to become an expert in epidemiology.  You should not attempt to pretend to the participants that you are.  As the facilitator of this course, you are leading the learning, guiding activities and helping to draw the most out of the material with the group.

The training course is designed to give the participants general skills in field epidemiology they need to improve animal health in Indonesia. The training is not designed to make them experts in epidemiology.

If asked questions that you are unable to answer then it is ok to say "I don't know". The participants are part of the Dinas and you can refer these questions to the local Dinas veterinarian.

Use the training course preparation checklist provided in the Administration materials to help ensure that you have prepared adequately for the course.

b. Develop your facilitation skills

It may be useful to review some key concepts about how adults learn and some of the core characteristics of good facilitation.

A guide to good facilitation has been developed to assist you in this preparation.  Please take the time to read this guide, Training Facilitation: How to facilitate a course and help people to learn, and to adopt some of the key concepts which will help you to relax and enjoy your role as facilitator as well as assist the group to gain the most benefit from the course.

Your training course will be more successful if you can:

Communicate easily with participants - be relaxed and aware of social and cultural issues that may affect the training. Remember to always use simple terms and appropriate language wherever possible.

Your role is to facilitate the training material - you do not need to be a teacher in the subject matter.

Respect the knowledge held by participants - have respect for the skills and knowledge that the participants already have. When checking if you have communicated clearly ask in a positive manner - "Did I explain that clearly?" rather than in a negative manner such as "Did you understand that?"

Keep eye contact - do not talk to the participants with your back to them while writing on the flipchart paper, for example.

Write clearly - make sure your letters and numbers are clearly written so all participants can understand them.

Keep on time - try not to let any session run more than the allotted time.

Be interesting - show an interest in what you are saying. Tell a few stories if possible. Speak clearly and loudly but not fast.

Be enthusiastic and encourage all to participate - have enthusiasm for facilitation and teaching. Have enthusiasm for the course material and this will be imparted to the participants through you action and will encourage them to participate.

Most importantly, relax and enjoy the learning and training experience this course will provide.

c. Group size

It is recommended an ideal group size is 10 - 12 participants. This way you can pay close attention to each participant's needs. A maximum group size of 20 participants should not be exceeded. The training budget may limit the options for group sizes. In larger groups certain individuals can be reluctant to participate and having a larger group can limit the effectiveness of the training.

How to use the Facilitator Guide

The purpose of this facilitator guide is to provide information to facilitate each of the training course sessions effectively. Some parts of the Guide provide examples of what you can say in different sections.  Some less experienced facilitators may find it useful but you are not obliged to follow this advice.

Information is provided for each session under the following headings:

Session structure

This indicates the key activities in each session.

Session objectives

This section lists the key objectives of the session. It is important to keep these in mind because they give you clear goals for the outcome of the session.

Session Steps

This section provides a reminder of the PowerPoint files to open and use in each session.

The Schedule

The Basic Field Epidemiology course is designed to be delivered over 3 days. Each day is divided into four, 1.5 hour sessions.

Session 1:  Welcome and introduction

Session 2:  Overview of epidemiology

Session 3: Signs, syndromes and making a diagnosis

Session 4: Disease investigation

Session 5:  Looking at risk factors

Session 6:  How disease progresses

Session 7: Transmission and spread of disease

Session 8: Larger disease investigations

Session 9:  Collecting data and counting cases

Session 10:  Making sense of the information you collect

Session 11: Application of epidemiology to para-veterinary work

Session 12: Course evaluation, conclusion and closing

Session 1: Welcome and Introduction

Session structure

Step 1: Official welcome

Step 2: Introduction to the training, course objectives, and structure

Step 3: Group activity - introductory icebreaker

Step 4: Methods of monitoring learning and engagement

Step 5: Group activity - setting the rules for the course

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants will:

• Have met facilitators and other participants and made to welcome

• Have shared recent work experiences and opinions about their work and the benefits of better support with training or resources

• Understand the structure and schedule, and the role of evaluation of the training course

• Have developed the ground rules for the training course by consensus

Session steps

Step 1: Official Welcome Resources have not been developed for the official welcome

Steps 2 to 6: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:BasicFieldEpi_Session1_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression and refer to the notes section for suggestions and explanatory notes for each slide.

Session 2: Overview of Epidemiology

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: patterns of disease

Step 6: Group activity: shared experience

Step 7: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Describe the main roles of para-vets in Indonesia

• Explain the relevance of epidemiological skills to para-veterinary work

• Describe the overall concept of epidemiology

• Understand the importance of both veterinary clinical skills and field epidemiology skills in animal health

• Explain how epidemiological skills help prevent zoonoses

Session steps

Steps 1 and 2: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session2_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 3: Play content PowerPoint file File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session2_Content.pptx

Steps 4 to 7: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session2_Facilitator.pptx

Resume the facilitator PowerPoint at the appropriate position to continue the facilitator PowerPoint. Follow the slide progression as above.

Session 3: Signs, syndromes and making a diagnosis

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: healthy and unhealthy animals and production

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Describe the effect of disease on animal health and production

• List possible signs of disease

• Define a syndrome

• Explain the difference between a differential diagnosis list and a definitive diagnosis

Session steps

Steps 1 and 2: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session3_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 3: Play content PowerPoint file File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session3_Content.pptx

Steps 4 and 5: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session3_Facilitator.pptx

Session 4: Disease investigation

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: Investigation of abortions in pigs

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Describe a systematic approach to disease investigation

• Explain how to collect and use information from the investigation process to modify the differential diagnosis list and identify a likely diagnosis

Session steps

Step 1: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session4_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 2: Play content PowerPoint file

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session4_Content.pptx

Steps 4 to 7: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session4_Facilitator.pptx

Resume the facilitator PowerPoint at the appropriate position to continue the facilitator PowerPoint.

Session 5: Causes of disease

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: Sickness in chickens and farm workers

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Explain how and why disease occurs in some animals and not in others

Session steps

Step 1: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session5_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 2: Play content PowerPoint file

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session5_Content.pptx

Steps 4 to 7: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session5_Facilitator.pptx

Resume the facilitator PowerPoint at the appropriate position to continue the facilitator PowerPoint.

Session 6: How disease progresses

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: Sickness in chickens and farm workers

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Outline the infectious disease progression in individuals and populations

Session steps

Step 1: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session6_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 2: Play content PowerPoint file

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session6_Content.pptx

Steps 4 to 7: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session6_Facilitator.pptx

Resume the facilitator PowerPoint at the appropriate position to continue the facilitator PowerPoint.

Session 7: Transmission and spread

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: Sickness in chickens and farm workers

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Understand methods of transmission, spread and maintenance for infectious diseases of animals

Session steps

Step 1: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session7_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 2: Play content PowerPoint file

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session7_Content.pptx

Steps 4 to 7: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session7_Facilitator.pptx

Resume the facilitator PowerPoint at the appropriate position to continue the facilitator PowerPoint.

Session 8: Using a field epidemiology approach to larger disease investigations

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: Investigation of abortions in pigs

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Understand when a systematic epidemiology approach to larger disease events or outbreaks will be useful

• Describe the cases and assign animals to cases and non-cases based on initial findings

Session steps

Step 1: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session8_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 2: Play content PowerPoint file

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session8_Content.pptx

Steps 4 to 7: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session8_Facilitator.pptx

Resume the facilitator PowerPoint at the appropriate position to continue the facilitator PowerPoint.

Session 9: Collecting data and counting cases

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: Investigation of abortions in pigs

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Describe how you would collect data on cases and non-cases

Session steps

Step 1: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session9_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 2: Play content PowerPoint file

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session9_Content.pptx

Steps 4 to 7: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session9_Facilitator.pptx

Resume the facilitator PowerPoint at the appropriate position to continue the facilitator PowerPoint.

Session 10: Making sense of the information

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Curiosity raising activity

Step 3: Play video or PowerPoint file

Step 4: Discuss content of recorded PowerPoint file

Step 5: Group activity: Investigation of abortions in pigs

Step 6: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Use counting of cases and local populations (animals in one or more areas) to describe patterns of disease

• Outline how data analysis methods could be used to describe extent and severity of disease and help identify possible causes

• Outline how you would develop hypotheses and control measures

Session steps

Step 1: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session10_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Step 2: Play content PowerPoint file File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session10_Content.pptx

Steps 4 to 7: Resume facilitator PowerPoint for this session File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session10_Facilitator.pptx

Resume the facilitator PowerPoint at the appropriate position to continue the facilitator PowerPoint.

Session 11: Application of epidemiological approach to routine cases

Session structure

Step 1: Introduction to the session

Step 2: Present and discuss examples

Step 3: Summary of session

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants should be able to:

• Understand how epidemiology skills are applied in routine work through case examples

Session steps

Step 1 to 3: Start facilitator PowerPoint for this session

File name in training package:  BasicFieldEpi_Session11_Facilitator.pptx

Follow the slide progression, and refer to explanatory notes for each slide.

Session 12: Course evaluation, conclusion, and closing

Session structure

Step 1: Complete evaluations

Step 2: Presentation of certificates

Step 3: Formal closing

Session objectives

On completion of this session the participants will:

• Complete evaluations and receive certificates

• Contribute to training course conclusions

• Formal closing

Session steps

Step 1: Complete evaluations

Resources have been developed for evaluation of the course

File name in training package:

Steps 2: Presentation of certificates

File name in training package:

Steps 3: Formal closing