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Where there is no single clear diagnosis for the disease or identification of a disease agent, there may be interest in conducting additional tests to confirm the specific disease and identify the infectious agent (if it is considered likely to be an infectious disease). This will typically involve laboratory testing of samples collected from animals that meet the case definition and from a comparison group of non-cases. The laboratory testing will generally look for detection of a candidate agent (virus of bacteria) and compare the prevalence of positive results in the two groups. If the results show a very low detection of the agent in the free or non-case group and a very high detection of agent in the exposed or case group then this would support a hypothesis of the infectious agent being a cause of the disease.