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Incidence tells us about how fast disease is moving through a population. Here we count the number of new cases that have occurred within a specified time period. If we do not included any information about the population-at-risk, then our measure is simply incidence. If we include the population-at-risk at the beginning of the time period, then this is cumulative incidence. If we have even more information available exactly how much time each member of the population is at risk during the time period then we can calculate incidence rate.