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For example: The "gold-standard" test for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the demonstration of typical histological lesions in the brain of affected animals. However, false-negative results on histology will occur in animals in an early stage of infection. Therefore, if a screening test is evaluated by comparison with histology, specificity will be underestimated because some infected animals could react to the screening test but be histologically negative, resulting in mis-classification as false-positives. In addition, any infected but histologically-negative animals that are negative on the screening test will be mis-classified as true-negatives, resulting in over-estimation of the sensitivity.