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For example: The flock-specificity of pooled faecal culture for the detection of ovine Johne's disease was estimated from laboratory testing records in New South Wales ([#18 Sergeant et al., 2002]). In this analysis, there were nine test-positive flocks out of 227 flocks eligible for inclusion in the analysis. After exclusion of results for seven known infected flocks, there were 2/220 flocks positive, resulting in an estimated minimum flock-specificity of 99.1% (95% Binomial CI: 96.9% - 99.9%). In fact one or both of these flocks could have been infected, and the true flock-specificity could be higher than the estimate of 99.1%.