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Many diseases are also affected by factors under the control of the farm manager, such as housing, nutrition, stocking rates, feeding practices, etc. For these diseases, effective control can often be achieved by changing management practices or housing to reduce the transmission or impact of the disease. For example, inadequate ventilation is an important contributor to respiratory disease in pigs, so that severe respiratory disease problems can often be overcome by improving shed ventilation. Similarly, bovine Johne’s disease transmission relies on ingestion of contaminated faecal material by susceptible calves, so that the incidence of Johne’s disease in dairy cattle can be reduced by changing management to minimise the exposure of young calves to adult faecal contamination.