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Rushton et al (2012) also describe the use of cost-effectiveness analysis as an application of economic evaluation that can be applied in the early stages of a disease outbreak response and used to guide decisions relating to implementation of policy to achieve the most effective result per unit of investment. The principle is based on identifying possible interventions and associated costs and effects (outcomes), in order to achieve a pre-existing policy goal. The evaluation may be presented in terms of cost per positive animal detected or cost per animal saved and the application of this approach may guide decisions about which strategy to implement to achieve a given target in the most cost-effective manner.