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The number of measurements or animals included in a study (sample size) has the potential to influence a variety of measures including things like variance, confidence intervals and statistical significance. The smaller the sample size, the more likely it will be to generate results from analyses that may not be of much use in identifying causes for a disease. In some cases it may be possible that a study specifically assess one or more risk factors and fails to show any association with disease and yet if the same study had been performed with a larger sample size it might have identified the risk factors as causes of disease.