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• Incidence is a dynamic measure of disease whereas prevalence is only a static measure of disease
• Incidence and prevalence are related. The prevalence of disease in a population-at-risk reflects both the incidence of new cases of disease and the duration of disease in individual cases: Prevalence = Incidence x Duration under certain conditions.
• Changes in the incidence or the duration of a disease will change the prevalence. The incidence rate is usually greater than prevalence if the disease is short in duration and/or fatal. Prevalence is usually greater than the incidence if the disease is chronic in nature.
• Cumulative incidence (CI) rate provides a direct estimate of the likelihood of an animal experiencing the event of interest during the time period. CI has a meaning on an individual basis as well as on a population basis.
• Counting the denominator (animal time at risk) for incidence estimates can be problematic particularly if animals enter or leave the population during the time of interest. There are a number of ways to deal with this problem.