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In the above situation it is important to realise that even though the follow-up test is only applied to those that are positive on the first test, this is still an example of series interpretation. Because an animal must test positive to both tests for a positive overall result, the result of the second test in animals negative to the first test is irrelevant, so that the test doesn’t actually need to be done. This is an important consideration in control or eradication programs, where testing costs are usually a major budget constraint and significant savings can be made by using a cheap, high-throughput screening test followed by a more expensive but highly specific follow-up test.