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Group (aggregate) diagnostic tests

The previous discussion describes the testing of individual animals. However, in epidemiological investigations, the study unit can often comprise a group of animals such as a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, or a cage or pond of fish. For example, it is common practice to determine herd or flock status for some diseases based on the results of testing of a sample of animals, rather than testing the whole herd or flock.